I.READINGAlthough I left university with a good degree, I suddenly found that it was actually quite hard to find a job. After being unemployed for a few months, I realised I had to take the first thing that came along or I'd be in serious financial difficulties. And so, for six very long months, Í became a market research telephone interviewer.I knew it wasn't the best company in the world when they told me that I'd have to undergo three days of training before starting work, and that I wouldn't get paid for any of it. Still, 1 knew that the hourly rate when I actually did start full time would be a lot better than unemployment benefit, and I could work up to twelve hours a day, seven days a week if I wanted. So, 1 thought of the money I'd earn and put up with three days of unpaid training. Whatever those three days taught me - and I can't realty remember anything about them today - I wasn't prepared for the way I would be treated by the supervisors.It was worse than being at school. There were about twenty interviewers like myself, each sitting in a small, dark booth with an ancient computer and a dirty telephone. The booths were around the walls of the fifth floor of a concrete office block, and the supervisors sat in the middle of the room, listening in to all of our telephone interviews. We weren't allowed to talk to each other, and if we took more than about two seconds from ending one phone call and starting another, they would shout at us to hurry up and get on with our jobs. We even had to ask permission to go to the toilet. I was amazed how slowly the day went. Our first break of the day came at eleven o'clock, two hours after we started. Ill always remember that feeling of despair when I would look at my watch thinking, "It must be nearly time for the break", only to find that it was quarter to ten and that there was another hour and a quarter to go. My next thought was always, "I can't believe I'm going to be here until nine o'clock tonight."It wouldn't have been so bad if what we were doing had been useful. But it wasn't. Most of our interviews were for a major telecommunications company. We'd have to ring up businesses and ask them things like, "Is your telecoms budget more than three million pounds a year?"The chances are we’d get the reply,"Oh,I don't think so. I’ll ask my husband. This a corner shop. We've only got one phone." And so the day went on.The most frightening aspect of the job was that I was actually quite good at it. "Oh no!" I thought. "Maybe I'm destined to be a market researcher for the rest of my life." My boss certainly seemed to think so. One day - during a break, of course - she ordered me into her office. "Simon," she said, "I'm promoting you. From tomorrow, you're off telecoms and onto credit card complaints. I'm sure you can handle it. There's no extra pay, but it is a very responsible position."Three weeks later I quit. It was one of the best decisions I've ever made.1. Why did the writer become a market research telephone interviewer?
He had completely run out of money.
He had the right university degree for the job,
He knew it was only for six months.
It was the first job he was offered.
I.READINGAlthough I left university with a good degree, I suddenly found that it was actually quite hard to find a job. After being unemployed for a few months, I realised I had to take the first thing that came along or I'd be in serious financial difficulties. And so, for six very long months, Í became a market research telephone interviewer.I knew it wasn't the best company in the world when they told me that I'd have to undergo three days of training before starting work, and that I wouldn't get paid for any of it. Still, 1 knew that the hourly rate when I actually did start full time would be a lot better than unemployment benefit, and I could work up to twelve hours a day, seven days a week if I wanted. So, 1 thought of the money I'd earn and put up with three days of unpaid training. Whatever those three days taught me - and I can't realty remember anything about them today - I wasn't prepared for the way I would be treated by the supervisors.It was worse than being at school. There were about twenty interviewers like myself, each sitting in a small, dark booth with an ancient computer and a dirty telephone. The booths were around the walls of the fifth floor of a concrete office block, and the supervisors sat in the middle of the room, listening in to all of our telephone interviews. We weren't allowed to talk to each other, and if we took more than about two seconds from ending one phone call and starting another, they would shout at us to hurry up and get on with our jobs. We even had to ask permission to go to the toilet. I was amazed how slowly the day went. Our first break of the day came at eleven o'clock, two hours after we started. Ill always remember that feeling of despair when I would look at my watch thinking, "It must be nearly time for the break", only to find that it was quarter to ten and that there was another hour and a quarter to go. My next thought was always, "I can't believe I'm going to be here until nine o'clock tonight."It wouldn't have been so bad if what we were doing had been useful. But it wasn't. Most of our interviews were for a major telecommunications company. We'd have to ring up businesses and ask them things like, "Is your telecoms budget more than three million pounds a year?"The chances are we’d get the reply,"Oh,I don't think so. I’ll ask my husband. This a corner shop. We've only got one phone." And so the day went on.The most frightening aspect of the job was that I was actually quite good at it. "Oh no!" I thought. "Maybe I'm destined to be a market researcher for the rest of my life." My boss certainly seemed to think so. One day - during a break, of course - she ordered me into her office. "Simon," she said, "I'm promoting you. From tomorrow, you're off telecoms and onto credit card complaints. I'm sure you can handle it. There's no extra pay, but it is a very responsible position."Three weeks later I quit. It was one of the best decisions I've ever made.2. The writer had doubts about the company when….
he was told what the hourly rate would be.
they only offered him three days of training.
they told him he had to be trained first.
they told him he wouldn't receive payment for his training.
I.READINGAlthough I left university with a good degree, I suddenly found that it was actually quite hard to find a job. After being unemployed for a few months, I realised I had to take the first thing that came along or I'd be in serious financial difficulties. And so, for six very long months, Í became a market research telephone interviewer.I knew it wasn't the best company in the world when they told me that I'd have to undergo three days of training before starting work, and that I wouldn't get paid for any of it. Still, 1 knew that the hourly rate when I actually did start full time would be a lot better than unemployment benefit, and I could work up to twelve hours a day, seven days a week if I wanted. So, 1 thought of the money I'd earn and put up with three days of unpaid training. Whatever those three days taught me - and I can't realty remember anything about them today - I wasn't prepared for the way I would be treated by the supervisors.It was worse than being at school. There were about twenty interviewers like myself, each sitting in a small, dark booth with an ancient computer and a dirty telephone. The booths were around the walls of the fifth floor of a concrete office block, and the supervisors sat in the middle of the room, listening in to all of our telephone interviews. We weren't allowed to talk to each other, and if we took more than about two seconds from ending one phone call and starting another, they would shout at us to hurry up and get on with our jobs. We even had to ask permission to go to the toilet. I was amazed how slowly the day went. Our first break of the day came at eleven o'clock, two hours after we started. Ill always remember that feeling of despair when I would look at my watch thinking, "It must be nearly time for the break", only to find that it was quarter to ten and that there was another hour and a quarter to go. My next thought was always, "I can't believe I'm going to be here until nine o'clock tonight."It wouldn't have been so bad if what we were doing had been useful. But it wasn't. Most of our interviews were for a major telecommunications company. We'd have to ring up businesses and ask them things like, "Is your telecoms budget more than three million pounds a year?"The chances are we’d get the reply,"Oh,I don't think so. I’ll ask my husband. This a corner shop. We've only got one phone." And so the day went on.The most frightening aspect of the job was that I was actually quite good at it. "Oh no!" I thought. "Maybe I'm destined to be a market researcher for the rest of my life." My boss certainly seemed to think so. One day - during a break, of course - she ordered me into her office. "Simon," she said, "I'm promoting you. From tomorrow, you're off telecoms and onto credit card complaints. I'm sure you can handle it. There's no extra pay, but it is a very responsible position."Three weeks later I quit. It was one of the best decisions I've ever made.3. His workplace could best be described as…
large and noisy.
old-fashioned and uncomfortable.
silent and dirty.
untidy and crowded.
I.READINGAlthough I left university with a good degree, I suddenly found that it was actually quite hard to find a job. After being unemployed for a few months, I realised I had to take the first thing that came along or I'd be in serious financial difficulties. And so, for six very long months, Í became a market research telephone interviewer.I knew it wasn't the best company in the world when they told me that I'd have to undergo three days of training before starting work, and that I wouldn't get paid for any of it. Still, 1 knew that the hourly rate when I actually did start full time would be a lot better than unemployment benefit, and I could work up to twelve hours a day, seven days a week if I wanted. So, 1 thought of the money I'd earn and put up with three days of unpaid training. Whatever those three days taught me - and I can't realty remember anything about them today - I wasn't prepared for the way I would be treated by the supervisors.It was worse than being at school. There were about twenty interviewers like myself, each sitting in a small, dark booth with an ancient computer and a dirty telephone. The booths were around the walls of the fifth floor of a concrete office block, and the supervisors sat in the middle of the room, listening in to all of our telephone interviews. We weren't allowed to talk to each other, and if we took more than about two seconds from ending one phone call and starting another, they would shout at us to hurry up and get on with our jobs. We even had to ask permission to go to the toilet. I was amazed how slowly the day went. Our first break of the day came at eleven o'clock, two hours after we started. Ill always remember that feeling of despair when I would look at my watch thinking, "It must be nearly time for the break", only to find that it was quarter to ten and that there was another hour and a quarter to go. My next thought was always, "I can't believe I'm going to be here until nine o'clock tonight."It wouldn't have been so bad if what we were doing had been useful. But it wasn't. Most of our interviews were for a major telecommunications company. We'd have to ring up businesses and ask them things like, "Is your telecoms budget more than three million pounds a year?"The chances are we’d get the reply,"Oh,I don't think so. I’ll ask my husband. This a corner shop. We've only got one phone." And so the day went on.The most frightening aspect of the job was that I was actually quite good at it. "Oh no!" I thought. "Maybe I'm destined to be a market researcher for the rest of my life." My boss certainly seemed to think so. One day - during a break, of course - she ordered me into her office. "Simon," she said, "I'm promoting you. From tomorrow, you're off telecoms and onto credit card complaints. I'm sure you can handle it. There's no extra pay, but it is a very responsible position."Three weeks later I quit. It was one of the best decisions I've ever made.4. How did he feel when he realised it wasn't time for the break yet?
He felt that he must have made a mistake.
He felt that he would have to go home early.
He felt that he wouldn't survive to the end of the day.
He felt that the end of the day seemed so long away.
I.READINGAlthough I left university with a good degree, I suddenly found that it was actually quite hard to find a job. After being unemployed for a few months, I realised I had to take the first thing that came along or I'd be in serious financial difficulties. And so, for six very long months, Í became a market research telephone interviewer.I knew it wasn't the best company in the world when they told me that I'd have to undergo three days of training before starting work, and that I wouldn't get paid for any of it. Still, 1 knew that the hourly rate when I actually did start full time would be a lot better than unemployment benefit, and I could work up to twelve hours a day, seven days a week if I wanted. So, 1 thought of the money I'd earn and put up with three days of unpaid training. Whatever those three days taught me - and I can't realty remember anything about them today - I wasn't prepared for the way I would be treated by the supervisors.It was worse than being at school. There were about twenty interviewers like myself, each sitting in a small, dark booth with an ancient computer and a dirty telephone. The booths were around the walls of the fifth floor of a concrete office block, and the supervisors sat in the middle of the room, listening in to all of our telephone interviews. We weren't allowed to talk to each other, and if we took more than about two seconds from ending one phone call and starting another, they would shout at us to hurry up and get on with our jobs. We even had to ask permission to go to the toilet. I was amazed how slowly the day went. Our first break of the day came at eleven o'clock, two hours after we started. Ill always remember that feeling of despair when I would look at my watch thinking, "It must be nearly time for the break", only to find that it was quarter to ten and that there was another hour and a quarter to go. My next thought was always, "I can't believe I'm going to be here until nine o'clock tonight."It wouldn't have been so bad if what we were doing had been useful. But it wasn't. Most of our interviews were for a major telecommunications company. We'd have to ring up businesses and ask them things like, "Is your telecoms budget more than three million pounds a year?"The chances are we’d get the reply,"Oh,I don't think so. I’ll ask my husband. This a corner shop. We've only got one phone." And so the day went on.The most frightening aspect of the job was that I was actually quite good at it. "Oh no!" I thought. "Maybe I'm destined to be a market researcher for the rest of my life." My boss certainly seemed to think so. One day - during a break, of course - she ordered me into her office. "Simon," she said, "I'm promoting you. From tomorrow, you're off telecoms and onto credit card complaints. I'm sure you can handle it. There's no extra pay, but it is a very responsible position."Three weeks later I quit. It was one of the best decisions I've ever made.5. What would have made the job more bearable?
being able to phone much larger companies
knowing that he was carrying out a valuable service
not having to ring up businesses
not having to talk to shopkeepers
I.READINGAlthough I left university with a good degree, I suddenly found that it was actually quite hard to find a job. After being unemployed for a few months, I realised I had to take the first thing that came along or I'd be in serious financial difficulties. And so, for six very long months, Í became a market research telephone interviewer.I knew it wasn't the best company in the world when they told me that I'd have to undergo three days of training before starting work, and that I wouldn't get paid for any of it. Still, 1 knew that the hourly rate when I actually did start full time would be a lot better than unemployment benefit, and I could work up to twelve hours a day, seven days a week if I wanted. So, 1 thought of the money I'd earn and put up with three days of unpaid training. Whatever those three days taught me - and I can't realty remember anything about them today - I wasn't prepared for the way I would be treated by the supervisors.It was worse than being at school. There were about twenty interviewers like myself, each sitting in a small, dark booth with an ancient computer and a dirty telephone. The booths were around the walls of the fifth floor of a concrete office block, and the supervisors sat in the middle of the room, listening in to all of our telephone interviews. We weren't allowed to talk to each other, and if we took more than about two seconds from ending one phone call and starting another, they would shout at us to hurry up and get on with our jobs. We even had to ask permission to go to the toilet. I was amazed how slowly the day went. Our first break of the day came at eleven o'clock, two hours after we started. Ill always remember that feeling of despair when I would look at my watch thinking, "It must be nearly time for the break", only to find that it was quarter to ten and that there was another hour and a quarter to go. My next thought was always, "I can't believe I'm going to be here until nine o'clock tonight."It wouldn't have been so bad if what we were doing had been useful. But it wasn't. Most of our interviews were for a major telecommunications company. We'd have to ring up businesses and ask them things like, "Is your telecoms budget more than three million pounds a year?"The chances are we’d get the reply,"Oh,I don't think so. I’ll ask my husband. This a corner shop. We've only got one phone." And so the day went on.The most frightening aspect of the job was that I was actually quite good at it. "Oh no!" I thought. "Maybe I'm destined to be a market researcher for the rest of my life." My boss certainly seemed to think so. One day - during a break, of course - she ordered me into her office. "Simon," she said, "I'm promoting you. From tomorrow, you're off telecoms and onto credit card complaints. I'm sure you can handle it. There's no extra pay, but it is a very responsible position."Three weeks later I quit. It was one of the best decisions I've ever made.6. What was unusual about Simon's promotion?
It involved greater responsibility.
It meant he would be phoning different people.
It showed how good he was at his job.
There was no increase in salary.
I.READINGAlthough I left university with a good degree, I suddenly found that it was actually quite hard to find a job. After being unemployed for a few months, I realised I had to take the first thing that came along or I'd be in serious financial difficulties. And so, for six very long months, Í became a market research telephone interviewer.I knew it wasn't the best company in the world when they told me that I'd have to undergo three days of training before starting work, and that I wouldn't get paid for any of it. Still, 1 knew that the hourly rate when I actually did start full time would be a lot better than unemployment benefit, and I could work up to twelve hours a day, seven days a week if I wanted. So, 1 thought of the money I'd earn and put up with three days of unpaid training. Whatever those three days taught me - and I can't realty remember anything about them today - I wasn't prepared for the way I would be treated by the supervisors.It was worse than being at school. There were about twenty interviewers like myself, each sitting in a small, dark booth with an ancient computer and a dirty telephone. The booths were around the walls of the fifth floor of a concrete office block, and the supervisors sat in the middle of the room, listening in to all of our telephone interviews. We weren't allowed to talk to each other, and if we took more than about two seconds from ending one phone call and starting another, they would shout at us to hurry up and get on with our jobs. We even had to ask permission to go to the toilet. I was amazed how slowly the day went. Our first break of the day came at eleven o'clock, two hours after we started. Ill always remember that feeling of despair when I would look at my watch thinking, "It must be nearly time for the break", only to find that it was quarter to ten and that there was another hour and a quarter to go. My next thought was always, "I can't believe I'm going to be here until nine o'clock tonight."It wouldn't have been so bad if what we were doing had been useful. But it wasn't. Most of our interviews were for a major telecommunications company. We'd have to ring up businesses and ask them things like, "Is your telecoms budget more than three million pounds a year?"The chances are we’d get the reply,"Oh,I don't think so. I’ll ask my husband. This a corner shop. We've only got one phone." And so the day went on.The most frightening aspect of the job was that I was actually quite good at it. "Oh no!" I thought. "Maybe I'm destined to be a market researcher for the rest of my life." My boss certainly seemed to think so. One day - during a break, of course - she ordered me into her office. "Simon," she said, "I'm promoting you. From tomorrow, you're off telecoms and onto credit card complaints. I'm sure you can handle it. There's no extra pay, but it is a very responsible position."Three weeks later I quit. It was one of the best decisions I've ever made.7. What would be the most suitable title for this extract?
How To Earn a Decent Salary
Typical Office Life
Unpleasant Employment
You Get What You Deserve
I.READINGAs a kid, I always wanted to become wealthy. I knew if I could achieve this, I would be able to consider myself successful. At the time, I had no worries and felt my happiness would be based on whether I could fulfill all my needs and wants. My simple philosophy of that time was if I was rich, I would definitely be content with my life.My father always stressed his belief that happiness includes much more than money. I can remember him lecturing me about how money does not make an individual happy; other things in life such as: health, family, friends, and memorable experiences make a person genuinely happy. At this time in my life, I took what my dad said for granted and did not give any thought to his words. All I could see was the great life my cousins had because they had everything a kid ever dreamed of.At a young age, I noticed society was extremely materialistic. The media seemed to portray the wealthy as happy people who add value to our society. My opinions did not change; in high school Í still sought a career that would eventually yield ahigh salary. I still felt that the possibility of living life from paycheck to paycheck would automatically translate into my unhappiness. However, things changed when I decided to take an internship in the accounting department for the summer after my second year of college.Starting the first day on the job in the accounting department, I found myself extremely bored. I was forced to do monotonous work, such as audit eight thousand travel and expense reports for a potential duplicate. In addition, I had to relocate away from friends and family in order to accept the position. I was earning the money I always wanted; however, 1 noticed that having money to spend when you are by yourself was not satisfying.Í began to think back to what my dad always said. After a few months in the job, Í truly realized that money does not bring happiness. A more satisfying experience for me would have been doing an ordinary summer job for far less money. For me to understand that concept, it took an experience as painful as this one. i often contemplated how much money it would take me to do this as my everyday job. I concluded, whatever the salary for this position I would never be capable of fulfilling a happy life and making a career out of this job.As Í looked forward to the summer to draw to a close, I truly com-prehended the meaning of my dad's words. Contrary to my prior beliefs, I firmly believe through experience that money cannot make a person happy. The term "wealth" is a broad term, and I believe the key to happiness is to become wealthy in great memories, friends, family, and health. This I believe.1. In his childhood the narrator's idea of happiness was to….
be an influential person.
get what he wanted.
live an interesting life.
make other people happy
I.READINGAs a kid, I always wanted to become wealthy. I knew if I could achieve this, I would be able to consider myself successful. At the time, I had no worries and felt my happiness would be based on whether I could fulfill all my needs and wants. My simple philosophy of that time was if I was rich, I would definitely be content with my life.My father always stressed his belief that happiness includes much more than money. I can remember him lecturing me about how money does not make an individual happy; other things in life such as: health, family, friends, and memorable experiences make a person genuinely happy. At this time in my life, I took what my dad said for granted and did not give any thought to his words. All I could see was the great life my cousins had because they had everything a kid ever dreamed of.At a young age, I noticed society was extremely materialistic. The media seemed to portray the wealthy as happy people who add value to our society. My opinions did not change; in high school Í still sought a career that would eventually yield ahigh salary. I still felt that the possibility of living life from paycheck to paycheck would automatically translate into my unhappiness. However, things changed when I decided to take an internship in the accounting department for the summer after my second year of college.Starting the first day on the job in the accounting department, I found myself extremely bored. I was forced to do monotonous work, such as audit eight thousand travel and expense reports for a potential duplicate. In addition, I had to relocate away from friends and family in order to accept the position. I was earning the money I always wanted; however, 1 noticed that having money to spend when you are by yourself was not satisfying.Í began to think back to what my dad always said. After a few months in the job, Í truly realized that money does not bring happiness. A more satisfying experience for me would have been doing an ordinary summer job for far less money. For me to understand that concept, it took an experience as painful as this one. i often contemplated how much money it would take me to do this as my everyday job. I concluded, whatever the salary for this position I would never be capable of fulfilling a happy life and making a career out of this job.As Í looked forward to the summer to draw to a close, I truly com-prehended the meaning of my dad's words. Contrary to my prior beliefs, I firmly believe through experience that money cannot make a person happy. The term "wealth" is a broad term, and I believe the key to happiness is to become wealthy in great memories, friends, family, and health. This I believe.2. The narrator heard what his father used to say, but did not…..
agree with him.
Believe him.
think over his words.
Understand him.
I.READINGAs a kid, I always wanted to become wealthy. I knew if I could achieve this, I would be able to consider myself successful. At the time, I had no worries and felt my happiness would be based on whether I could fulfill all my needs and wants. My simple philosophy of that time was if I was rich, I would definitely be content with my life.My father always stressed his belief that happiness includes much more than money. I can remember him lecturing me about how money does not make an individual happy; other things in life such as: health, family, friends, and memorable experiences make a person genuinely happy. At this time in my life, I took what my dad said for granted and did not give any thought to his words. All I could see was the great life my cousins had because they had everything a kid ever dreamed of.At a young age, I noticed society was extremely materialistic. The media seemed to portray the wealthy as happy people who add value to our society. My opinions did not change; in high school Í still sought a career that would eventually yield ahigh salary. I still felt that the possibility of living life from paycheck to paycheck would automatically translate into my unhappiness. However, things changed when I decided to take an internship in the accounting department for the summer after my second year of college.Starting the first day on the job in the accounting department, I found myself extremely bored. I was forced to do monotonous work, such as audit eight thousand travel and expense reports for a potential duplicate. In addition, I had to relocate away from friends and family in order to accept the position. I was earning the money I always wanted; however, 1 noticed that having money to spend when you are by yourself was not satisfying.Í began to think back to what my dad always said. After a few months in the job, Í truly realized that money does not bring happiness. A more satisfying experience for me would have been doing an ordinary summer job for far less money. For me to understand that concept, it took an experience as painful as this one. i often contemplated how much money it would take me to do this as my everyday job. I concluded, whatever the salary for this position I would never be capable of fulfilling a happy life and making a career out of this job.As Í looked forward to the summer to draw to a close, I truly com-prehended the meaning of my dad's words. Contrary to my prior beliefs, I firmly believe through experience that money cannot make a person happy. The term "wealth" is a broad term, and I believe the key to happiness is to become wealthy in great memories, friends, family, and health. This I believe.3. From his early childhood till he finished school the narrator was convinced that….
media added value to society.
money was the only thing that ensured happiness.
society was extremely unfair.
the wealthy could not spend money properly.
I.READINGAs a kid, I always wanted to become wealthy. I knew if I could achieve this, I would be able to consider myself successful. At the time, I had no worries and felt my happiness would be based on whether I could fulfill all my needs and wants. My simple philosophy of that time was if I was rich, I would definitely be content with my life.My father always stressed his belief that happiness includes much more than money. I can remember him lecturing me about how money does not make an individual happy; other things in life such as: health, family, friends, and memorable experiences make a person genuinely happy. At this time in my life, I took what my dad said for granted and did not give any thought to his words. All I could see was the great life my cousins had because they had everything a kid ever dreamed of.At a young age, I noticed society was extremely materialistic. The media seemed to portray the wealthy as happy people who add value to our society. My opinions did not change; in high school Í still sought a career that would eventually yield ahigh salary. I still felt that the possibility of living life from paycheck to paycheck would automatically translate into my unhappiness. However, things changed when I decided to take an internship in the accounting department for the summer after my second year of college.Starting the first day on the job in the accounting department, I found myself extremely bored. I was forced to do monotonous work, such as audit eight thousand travel and expense reports for a potential duplicate. In addition, I had to relocate away from friends and family in order to accept the position. I was earning the money I always wanted; however, 1 noticed that having money to spend when you are by yourself was not satisfying.Í began to think back to what my dad always said. After a few months in the job, Í truly realized that money does not bring happiness. A more satisfying experience for me would have been doing an ordinary summer job for far less money. For me to understand that concept, it took an experience as painful as this one. i often contemplated how much money it would take me to do this as my everyday job. I concluded, whatever the salary for this position I would never be capable of fulfilling a happy life and making a career out of this job.As Í looked forward to the summer to draw to a close, I truly com-prehended the meaning of my dad's words. Contrary to my prior beliefs, I firmly believe through experience that money cannot make a person happy. The term "wealth" is a broad term, and I believe the key to happiness is to become wealthy in great memories, friends, family, and health. This I believe.4. After the second year in the college the narrator decided to….
change the college.
quit his studies.
start to work.
take a summer course.
I.READINGAs a kid, I always wanted to become wealthy. I knew if I could achieve this, I would be able to consider myself successful. At the time, I had no worries and felt my happiness would be based on whether I could fulfill all my needs and wants. My simple philosophy of that time was if I was rich, I would definitely be content with my life.My father always stressed his belief that happiness includes much more than money. I can remember him lecturing me about how money does not make an individual happy; other things in life such as: health, family, friends, and memorable experiences make a person genuinely happy. At this time in my life, I took what my dad said for granted and did not give any thought to his words. All I could see was the great life my cousins had because they had everything a kid ever dreamed of.At a young age, I noticed society was extremely materialistic. The media seemed to portray the wealthy as happy people who add value to our society. My opinions did not change; in high school Í still sought a career that would eventually yield ahigh salary. I still felt that the possibility of living life from paycheck to paycheck would automatically translate into my unhappiness. However, things changed when I decided to take an internship in the accounting department for the summer after my second year of college.Starting the first day on the job in the accounting department, I found myself extremely bored. I was forced to do monotonous work, such as audit eight thousand travel and expense reports for a potential duplicate. In addition, I had to relocate away from friends and family in order to accept the position. I was earning the money I always wanted; however, 1 noticed that having money to spend when you are by yourself was not satisfying.Í began to think back to what my dad always said. After a few months in the job, Í truly realized that money does not bring happiness. A more satisfying experience for me would have been doing an ordinary summer job for far less money. For me to understand that concept, it took an experience as painful as this one. i often contemplated how much money it would take me to do this as my everyday job. I concluded, whatever the salary for this position I would never be capable of fulfilling a happy life and making a career out of this job.As Í looked forward to the summer to draw to a close, I truly com-prehended the meaning of my dad's words. Contrary to my prior beliefs, I firmly believe through experience that money cannot make a person happy. The term "wealth" is a broad term, and I believe the key to happiness is to become wealthy in great memories, friends, family, and health. This I believe.5. The narrator's internship proved that….
he could not cope with professional tasks.
he had chosen the wrong job.
he had to get rid of his family and friends to keep the position.
it was not a money-making job.
I.READINGAs a kid, I always wanted to become wealthy. I knew if I could achieve this, I would be able to consider myself successful. At the time, I had no worries and felt my happiness would be based on whether I could fulfill all my needs and wants. My simple philosophy of that time was if I was rich, I would definitely be content with my life.My father always stressed his belief that happiness includes much more than money. I can remember him lecturing me about how money does not make an individual happy; other things in life such as: health, family, friends, and memorable experiences make a person genuinely happy. At this time in my life, I took what my dad said for granted and did not give any thought to his words. All I could see was the great life my cousins had because they had everything a kid ever dreamed of.At a young age, I noticed society was extremely materialistic. The media seemed to portray the wealthy as happy people who add value to our society. My opinions did not change; in high school Í still sought a career that would eventually yield ahigh salary. I still felt that the possibility of living life from paycheck to paycheck would automatically translate into my unhappiness. However, things changed when I decided to take an internship in the accounting department for the summer after my second year of college.Starting the first day on the job in the accounting department, I found myself extremely bored. I was forced to do monotonous work, such as audit eight thousand travel and expense reports for a potential duplicate. In addition, I had to relocate away from friends and family in order to accept the position. I was earning the money I always wanted; however, 1 noticed that having money to spend when you are by yourself was not satisfying.Í began to think back to what my dad always said. After a few months in the job, Í truly realized that money does not bring happiness. A more satisfying experience for me would have been doing an ordinary summer job for far less money. For me to understand that concept, it took an experience as painful as this one. i often contemplated how much money it would take me to do this as my everyday job. I concluded, whatever the salary for this position I would never be capable of fulfilling a happy life and making a career out of this job.As Í looked forward to the summer to draw to a close, I truly com-prehended the meaning of my dad's words. Contrary to my prior beliefs, I firmly believe through experience that money cannot make a person happy. The term "wealth" is a broad term, and I believe the key to happiness is to become wealthy in great memories, friends, family, and health. This I believe.6. It became obvious to the narrator that he…..
needed to think of another career.
preferred ordinary non-professional work.
would like to have a higher position.
would like to work only in summer.
I.READINGAs a kid, I always wanted to become wealthy. I knew if I could achieve this, I would be able to consider myself successful. At the time, I had no worries and felt my happiness would be based on whether I could fulfill all my needs and wants. My simple philosophy of that time was if I was rich, I would definitely be content with my life.My father always stressed his belief that happiness includes much more than money. I can remember him lecturing me about how money does not make an individual happy; other things in life such as: health, family, friends, and memorable experiences make a person genuinely happy. At this time in my life, I took what my dad said for granted and did not give any thought to his words. All I could see was the great life my cousins had because they had everything a kid ever dreamed of.At a young age, I noticed society was extremely materialistic. The media seemed to portray the wealthy as happy people who add value to our society. My opinions did not change; in high school Í still sought a career that would eventually yield ahigh salary. I still felt that the possibility of living life from paycheck to paycheck would automatically translate into my unhappiness. However, things changed when I decided to take an internship in the accounting department for the summer after my second year of college.Starting the first day on the job in the accounting department, I found myself extremely bored. I was forced to do monotonous work, such as audit eight thousand travel and expense reports for a potential duplicate. In addition, I had to relocate away from friends and family in order to accept the position. I was earning the money I always wanted; however, 1 noticed that having money to spend when you are by yourself was not satisfying.Í began to think back to what my dad always said. After a few months in the job, Í truly realized that money does not bring happiness. A more satisfying experience for me would have been doing an ordinary summer job for far less money. For me to understand that concept, it took an experience as painful as this one. i often contemplated how much money it would take me to do this as my everyday job. I concluded, whatever the salary for this position I would never be capable of fulfilling a happy life and making a career out of this job.As Í looked forward to the summer to draw to a close, I truly com-prehended the meaning of my dad's words. Contrary to my prior beliefs, I firmly believe through experience that money cannot make a person happy. The term "wealth" is a broad term, and I believe the key to happiness is to become wealthy in great memories, friends, family, and health. This I believe.7. The summer for the narrator was…..
difficult but inspirational.
dragged out and boring.
dynamic and satisfying.
monotonous and lonely.
I.READINGFor millions of people, the internet has opened up a whole new world. From their personal computers they are ordering books, sending greetings cards and finding out about literally anything on Earth. For students it is invaluable for homework, for travellers it makes planning and booking astonishingly easy, while for many others, it is a great way of keeping in touch with family and friends or, indeed, making new friends. It is, in short, a wonderful resource for obtaining information, getting things done and communicating with others. And yet it is also creating one of the fastest-growing social problems of our time: internetaddiction.A recent study involving Internet users from all over the world found that 50 per cent of them claimed to be addicted, spending an average of over 60 hours per week on-line. Some of these reported routinely logging on as soon as they arrived home from work, university or school, often remaining on-line until the small hours. "Sometimes I'm feeling absolutely exhausted, dying to go to bed," said one respondent, "but then I think to myself I’ll just try one more page, it might be really good. And then I think the same about the next page. And the next. And so on."The study showed no difference in the rate of addiction between men and women and revealed that many heavy users simply lost track of time. In extreme cases, they began to neglect themselves, their families and their friends, apparently preferring the company of their computer to that of other people. They were also found to be more likely to be depressed than moderate users, although it is as yet unclear whether this is brought about by the excessive time spent on-line, or whether already depressed individuals have a greater tendency to stay at home and engage in what is, essentially, a solitary activity.The researchers compared it with other addictions such as gambling, which, they say, shares with it the element of intermittent rewards: in the case of the Internet, the occasional discovery of an exciting web page. In addition, both activities tend to take place against a background of darkness. Net surfing often takes place at night; casinos deliberately keep the lights turned down low so that the punters, too, lose all sense of time. Television addiction, however, appears to be different, as TV watching tends to be more passive, merely filling the available free time.Many internet users, of course, would say the same of going on-line. So when does "normal" extensive Net surfing become an addiction? In some cases the indications are clear: skipped meals, lack of sleep, strained relationships, etc., but in others the symptoms are more subtle. Obsessive users may check and re-check their e-mail boxes unnecessarily. They may deceive themselves, and others, about how long they actually spend on-line, and spend their off-line time looking forward to their next on-line session. They might even rush to their PCs the minute they have the house to themselves, relieved that others are not there to passjudgement.What, though, can those who recognise they have a problem actually do about it? The first thing is not to panic. One expert points out that many people spend an enormous amount of time reading, say, or talking on the telephone, sometimes to the detriment of family relationships. Yet nobody talks about "book addiction", or "phone addiction" as if they were in some way akin to chronic alcoholism or heavy smoking! If they are cutting themselves off, so this theory goes, it is because of a weak relationship. Going on-line is merely one way, like turning on the TV or going out for a drink, of avoiding conversation with those at home. The problem is the relationship, not thecomputer.Where an addiction genuinely does exist, the advice is to seek professional help similar to that for sufferers of other compulsive disorders. This consists of gradually reducing the time spent on line, as well as dealing with any personal difficulties that may underlie the condition. Other experts advise the addict to talk to support groups specifically formed to help people with the problem of Internet overuse. Ironically, these groups can currently only be contacted via the Internet.4. Which of these is an example of a less obvious sign of addiction?
being afraid that other people will criticise them
being shocked to discover how long they have been on-line
not eating at proper times because of excessive surfing
telling other people how long they have spent on-line
I.READINGFor millions of people, the internet has opened up a whole new world. From their personal computers they are ordering books, sending greetings cards and finding out about literally anything on Earth. For students it is invaluable for homework, for travellers it makes planning and booking astonishingly easy, while for many others, it is a great way of keeping in touch with family and friends or, indeed, making new friends. It is, in short, a wonderful resource for obtaining information, getting things done and communicating with others. And yet it is also creating one of the fastest-growing social problems of our time: internetaddiction.A recent study involving Internet users from all over the world found that 50 per cent of them claimed to be addicted, spending an average of over 60 hours per week on-line. Some of these reported routinely logging on as soon as they arrived home from work, university or school, often remaining on-line until the small hours. "Sometimes I'm feeling absolutely exhausted, dying to go to bed," said one respondent, "but then I think to myself I’ll just try one more page, it might be really good. And then I think the same about the next page. And the next. And so on."The study showed no difference in the rate of addiction between men and women and revealed that many heavy users simply lost track of time. In extreme cases, they began to neglect themselves, their families and their friends, apparently preferring the company of their computer to that of other people. They were also found to be more likely to be depressed than moderate users, although it is as yet unclear whether this is brought about by the excessive time spent on-line, or whether already depressed individuals have a greater tendency to stay at home and engage in what is, essentially, a solitary activity.The researchers compared it with other addictions such as gambling, which, they say, shares with it the element of intermittent rewards: in the case of the Internet, the occasional discovery of an exciting web page. In addition, both activities tend to take place against a background of darkness. Net surfing often takes place at night; casinos deliberately keep the lights turned down low so that the punters, too, lose all sense of time. Television addiction, however, appears to be different, as TV watching tends to be more passive, merely filling the available free time.Many internet users, of course, would say the same of going on-line. So when does "normal" extensive Net surfing become an addiction? In some cases the indications are clear: skipped meals, lack of sleep, strained relationships, etc., but in others the symptoms are more subtle. Obsessive users may check and re-check their e-mail boxes unnecessarily. They may deceive themselves, and others, about how long they actually spend on-line, and spend their off-line time looking forward to their next on-line session. They might even rush to their PCs the minute they have the house to themselves, relieved that others are not there to passjudgement.What, though, can those who recognise they have a problem actually do about it? The first thing is not to panic. One expert points out that many people spend an enormous amount of time reading, say, or talking on the telephone, sometimes to the detriment of family relationships. Yet nobody talks about "book addiction", or "phone addiction" as if they were in some way akin to chronic alcoholism or heavy smoking! If they are cutting themselves off, so this theory goes, it is because of a weak relationship. Going on-line is merely one way, like turning on the TV or going out for a drink, of avoiding conversation with those at home. The problem is the relationship, not thecomputer.Where an addiction genuinely does exist, the advice is to seek professional help similar to that for sufferers of other compulsive disorders. This consists of gradually reducing the time spent on line, as well as dealing with any personal difficulties that may underlie the condition. Other experts advise the addict to talk to support groups specifically formed to help people with the problem of Internet overuse. Ironically, these groups can currently only be contacted via the Internet.1. What did the study discover?
Half of all users always go on-line when they get home.
Many people use the Internet all night.
Some keep hoping to find something interesting on-line.
The heaviest users are usually male.
I.READINGFor millions of people, the internet has opened up a whole new world. From their personal computers they are ordering books, sending greetings cards and finding out about literally anything on Earth. For students it is invaluable for homework, for travellers it makes planning and booking astonishingly easy, while for many others, it is a great way of keeping in touch with family and friends or, indeed, making new friends. It is, in short, a wonderful resource for obtaining information, getting things done and communicating with others. And yet it is also creating one of the fastest-growing social problems of our time: internetaddiction.A recent study involving Internet users from all over the world found that 50 per cent of them claimed to be addicted, spending an average of over 60 hours per week on-line. Some of these reported routinely logging on as soon as they arrived home from work, university or school, often remaining on-line until the small hours. "Sometimes I'm feeling absolutely exhausted, dying to go to bed," said one respondent, "but then I think to myself I’ll just try one more page, it might be really good. And then I think the same about the next page. And the next. And so on."The study showed no difference in the rate of addiction between men and women and revealed that many heavy users simply lost track of time. In extreme cases, they began to neglect themselves, their families and their friends, apparently preferring the company of their computer to that of other people. They were also found to be more likely to be depressed than moderate users, although it is as yet unclear whether this is brought about by the excessive time spent on-line, or whether already depressed individuals have a greater tendency to stay at home and engage in what is, essentially, a solitary activity.The researchers compared it with other addictions such as gambling, which, they say, shares with it the element of intermittent rewards: in the case of the Internet, the occasional discovery of an exciting web page. In addition, both activities tend to take place against a background of darkness. Net surfing often takes place at night; casinos deliberately keep the lights turned down low so that the punters, too, lose all sense of time. Television addiction, however, appears to be different, as TV watching tends to be more passive, merely filling the available free time.Many internet users, of course, would say the same of going on-line. So when does "normal" extensive Net surfing become an addiction? In some cases the indications are clear: skipped meals, lack of sleep, strained relationships, etc., but in others the symptoms are more subtle. Obsessive users may check and re-check their e-mail boxes unnecessarily. They may deceive themselves, and others, about how long they actually spend on-line, and spend their off-line time looking forward to their next on-line session. They might even rush to their PCs the minute they have the house to themselves, relieved that others are not there to passjudgement.What, though, can those who recognise they have a problem actually do about it? The first thing is not to panic. One expert points out that many people spend an enormous amount of time reading, say, or talking on the telephone, sometimes to the detriment of family relationships. Yet nobody talks about "book addiction", or "phone addiction" as if they were in some way akin to chronic alcoholism or heavy smoking! If they are cutting themselves off, so this theory goes, it is because of a weak relationship. Going on-line is merely one way, like turning on the TV or going out for a drink, of avoiding conversation with those at home. The problem is the relationship, not thecomputer.Where an addiction genuinely does exist, the advice is to seek professional help similar to that for sufferers of other compulsive disorders. This consists of gradually reducing the time spent on line, as well as dealing with any personal difficulties that may underlie the condition. Other experts advise the addict to talk to support groups specifically formed to help people with the problem of Internet overuse. Ironically, these groups can currently only be contacted via the Internet.2. According to the text, depression…..
is associated with heavy Internet use.
is caused by Internet addiction.
is common among all Internet users.
leads to overuse of the Internet.
I.READINGFor millions of people, the internet has opened up a whole new world. From their personal computers they are ordering books, sending greetings cards and finding out about literally anything on Earth. For students it is invaluable for homework, for travellers it makes planning and booking astonishingly easy, while for many others, it is a great way of keeping in touch with family and friends or, indeed, making new friends. It is, in short, a wonderful resource for obtaining information, getting things done and communicating with others. And yet it is also creating one of the fastest-growing social problems of our time: internetaddiction.A recent study involving Internet users from all over the world found that 50 per cent of them claimed to be addicted, spending an average of over 60 hours per week on-line. Some of these reported routinely logging on as soon as they arrived home from work, university or school, often remaining on-line until the small hours. "Sometimes I'm feeling absolutely exhausted, dying to go to bed," said one respondent, "but then I think to myself I’ll just try one more page, it might be really good. And then I think the same about the next page. And the next. And so on."The study showed no difference in the rate of addiction between men and women and revealed that many heavy users simply lost track of time. In extreme cases, they began to neglect themselves, their families and their friends, apparently preferring the company of their computer to that of other people. They were also found to be more likely to be depressed than moderate users, although it is as yet unclear whether this is brought about by the excessive time spent on-line, or whether already depressed individuals have a greater tendency to stay at home and engage in what is, essentially, a solitary activity.The researchers compared it with other addictions such as gambling, which, they say, shares with it the element of intermittent rewards: in the case of the Internet, the occasional discovery of an exciting web page. In addition, both activities tend to take place against a background of darkness. Net surfing often takes place at night; casinos deliberately keep the lights turned down low so that the punters, too, lose all sense of time. Television addiction, however, appears to be different, as TV watching tends to be more passive, merely filling the available free time.Many internet users, of course, would say the same of going on-line. So when does "normal" extensive Net surfing become an addiction? In some cases the indications are clear: skipped meals, lack of sleep, strained relationships, etc., but in others the symptoms are more subtle. Obsessive users may check and re-check their e-mail boxes unnecessarily. They may deceive themselves, and others, about how long they actually spend on-line, and spend their off-line time looking forward to their next on-line session. They might even rush to their PCs the minute they have the house to themselves, relieved that others are not there to passjudgement.What, though, can those who recognise they have a problem actually do about it? The first thing is not to panic. One expert points out that many people spend an enormous amount of time reading, say, or talking on the telephone, sometimes to the detriment of family relationships. Yet nobody talks about "book addiction", or "phone addiction" as if they were in some way akin to chronic alcoholism or heavy smoking! If they are cutting themselves off, so this theory goes, it is because of a weak relationship. Going on-line is merely one way, like turning on the TV or going out for a drink, of avoiding conversation with those at home. The problem is the relationship, not thecomputer.Where an addiction genuinely does exist, the advice is to seek professional help similar to that for sufferers of other compulsive disorders. This consists of gradually reducing the time spent on line, as well as dealing with any personal difficulties that may underlie the condition. Other experts advise the addict to talk to support groups specifically formed to help people with the problem of Internet overuse. Ironically, these groups can currently only be contacted via the Internet.3. In the fourth paragraph, the writer implies that……
gamblers rarely win.
gambling is less harmful than Internet addiction.
Internet addicts are often also gamblers.
people prefer to gamble in darkened places.
I.READINGFor millions of people, the internet has opened up a whole new world. From their personal computers they are ordering books, sending greetings cards and finding out about literally anything on Earth. For students it is invaluable for homework, for travellers it makes planning and booking astonishingly easy, while for many others, it is a great way of keeping in touch with family and friends or, indeed, making new friends. It is, in short, a wonderful resource for obtaining information, getting things done and communicating with others. And yet it is also creating one of the fastest-growing social problems of our time: internetaddiction.A recent study involving Internet users from all over the world found that 50 per cent of them claimed to be addicted, spending an average of over 60 hours per week on-line. Some of these reported routinely logging on as soon as they arrived home from work, university or school, often remaining on-line until the small hours. "Sometimes I'm feeling absolutely exhausted, dying to go to bed," said one respondent, "but then I think to myself I’ll just try one more page, it might be really good. And then I think the same about the next page. And the next. And so on."The study showed no difference in the rate of addiction between men and women and revealed that many heavy users simply lost track of time. In extreme cases, they began to neglect themselves, their families and their friends, apparently preferring the company of their computer to that of other people. They were also found to be more likely to be depressed than moderate users, although it is as yet unclear whether this is brought about by the excessive time spent on-line, or whether already depressed individuals have a greater tendency to stay at home and engage in what is, essentially, a solitary activity.The researchers compared it with other addictions such as gambling, which, they say, shares with it the element of intermittent rewards: in the case of the Internet, the occasional discovery of an exciting web page. In addition, both activities tend to take place against a background of darkness. Net surfing often takes place at night; casinos deliberately keep the lights turned down low so that the punters, too, lose all sense of time. Television addiction, however, appears to be different, as TV watching tends to be more passive, merely filling the available free time.Many internet users, of course, would say the same of going on-line. So when does "normal" extensive Net surfing become an addiction? In some cases the indications are clear: skipped meals, lack of sleep, strained relationships, etc., but in others the symptoms are more subtle. Obsessive users may check and re-check their e-mail boxes unnecessarily. They may deceive themselves, and others, about how long they actually spend on-line, and spend their off-line time looking forward to their next on-line session. They might even rush to their PCs the minute they have the house to themselves, relieved that others are not there to passjudgement.What, though, can those who recognise they have a problem actually do about it? The first thing is not to panic. One expert points out that many people spend an enormous amount of time reading, say, or talking on the telephone, sometimes to the detriment of family relationships. Yet nobody talks about "book addiction", or "phone addiction" as if they were in some way akin to chronic alcoholism or heavy smoking! If they are cutting themselves off, so this theory goes, it is because of a weak relationship. Going on-line is merely one way, like turning on the TV or going out for a drink, of avoiding conversation with those at home. The problem is the relationship, not thecomputer.Where an addiction genuinely does exist, the advice is to seek professional help similar to that for sufferers of other compulsive disorders. This consists of gradually reducing the time spent on line, as well as dealing with any personal difficulties that may underlie the condition. Other experts advise the addict to talk to support groups specifically formed to help people with the problem of Internet overuse. Ironically, these groups can currently only be contacted via the Internet.5. In the sixth paragraph, the author likens heavy Internet use to….
drinking too much alcohol.
having long telephone conversations.
smoking a lot of cigarettes.
talking to relatives for many hours.
I.READINGFor millions of people, the internet has opened up a whole new world. From their personal computers they are ordering books, sending greetings cards and finding out about literally anything on Earth. For students it is invaluable for homework, for travellers it makes planning and booking astonishingly easy, while for many others, it is a great way of keeping in touch with family and friends or, indeed, making new friends. It is, in short, a wonderful resource for obtaining information, getting things done and communicating with others. And yet it is also creating one of the fastest-growing social problems of our time: internetaddiction.A recent study involving Internet users from all over the world found that 50 per cent of them claimed to be addicted, spending an average of over 60 hours per week on-line. Some of these reported routinely logging on as soon as they arrived home from work, university or school, often remaining on-line until the small hours. "Sometimes I'm feeling absolutely exhausted, dying to go to bed," said one respondent, "but then I think to myself I’ll just try one more page, it might be really good. And then I think the same about the next page. And the next. And so on."The study showed no difference in the rate of addiction between men and women and revealed that many heavy users simply lost track of time. In extreme cases, they began to neglect themselves, their families and their friends, apparently preferring the company of their computer to that of other people. They were also found to be more likely to be depressed than moderate users, although it is as yet unclear whether this is brought about by the excessive time spent on-line, or whether already depressed individuals have a greater tendency to stay at home and engage in what is, essentially, a solitary activity.The researchers compared it with other addictions such as gambling, which, they say, shares with it the element of intermittent rewards: in the case of the Internet, the occasional discovery of an exciting web page. In addition, both activities tend to take place against a background of darkness. Net surfing often takes place at night; casinos deliberately keep the lights turned down low so that the punters, too, lose all sense of time. Television addiction, however, appears to be different, as TV watching tends to be more passive, merely filling the available free time.Many internet users, of course, would say the same of going on-line. So when does "normal" extensive Net surfing become an addiction? In some cases the indications are clear: skipped meals, lack of sleep, strained relationships, etc., but in others the symptoms are more subtle. Obsessive users may check and re-check their e-mail boxes unnecessarily. They may deceive themselves, and others, about how long they actually spend on-line, and spend their off-line time looking forward to their next on-line session. They might even rush to their PCs the minute they have the house to themselves, relieved that others are not there to passjudgement.What, though, can those who recognise they have a problem actually do about it? The first thing is not to panic. One expert points out that many people spend an enormous amount of time reading, say, or talking on the telephone, sometimes to the detriment of family relationships. Yet nobody talks about "book addiction", or "phone addiction" as if they were in some way akin to chronic alcoholism or heavy smoking! If they are cutting themselves off, so this theory goes, it is because of a weak relationship. Going on-line is merely one way, like turning on the TV or going out for a drink, of avoiding conversation with those at home. The problem is the relationship, not thecomputer.Where an addiction genuinely does exist, the advice is to seek professional help similar to that for sufferers of other compulsive disorders. This consists of gradually reducing the time spent on line, as well as dealing with any personal difficulties that may underlie the condition. Other experts advise the addict to talk to support groups specifically formed to help people with the problem of Internet overuse. Ironically, these groups can currently only be contacted via the Internet.6. Which, according to the author, could have the opposite result from what is intended?
attempting to spend less time on-line
discussing the addiction with specialist organisations
obtaining the same treatment as for other conditions
treating the possible causes of the addiction
I.READINGFor millions of people, the internet has opened up a whole new world. From their personal computers they are ordering books, sending greetings cards and finding out about literally anything on Earth. For students it is invaluable for homework, for travellers it makes planning and booking astonishingly easy, while for many others, it is a great way of keeping in touch with family and friends or, indeed, making new friends. It is, in short, a wonderful resource for obtaining information, getting things done and communicating with others. And yet it is also creating one of the fastest-growing social problems of our time: internetaddiction.A recent study involving Internet users from all over the world found that 50 per cent of them claimed to be addicted, spending an average of over 60 hours per week on-line. Some of these reported routinely logging on as soon as they arrived home from work, university or school, often remaining on-line until the small hours. "Sometimes I'm feeling absolutely exhausted, dying to go to bed," said one respondent, "but then I think to myself I’ll just try one more page, it might be really good. And then I think the same about the next page. And the next. And so on."The study showed no difference in the rate of addiction between men and women and revealed that many heavy users simply lost track of time. In extreme cases, they began to neglect themselves, their families and their friends, apparently preferring the company of their computer to that of other people. They were also found to be more likely to be depressed than moderate users, although it is as yet unclear whether this is brought about by the excessive time spent on-line, or whether already depressed individuals have a greater tendency to stay at home and engage in what is, essentially, a solitary activity.The researchers compared it with other addictions such as gambling, which, they say, shares with it the element of intermittent rewards: in the case of the Internet, the occasional discovery of an exciting web page. In addition, both activities tend to take place against a background of darkness. Net surfing often takes place at night; casinos deliberately keep the lights turned down low so that the punters, too, lose all sense of time. Television addiction, however, appears to be different, as TV watching tends to be more passive, merely filling the available free time.Many internet users, of course, would say the same of going on-line. So when does "normal" extensive Net surfing become an addiction? In some cases the indications are clear: skipped meals, lack of sleep, strained relationships, etc., but in others the symptoms are more subtle. Obsessive users may check and re-check their e-mail boxes unnecessarily. They may deceive themselves, and others, about how long they actually spend on-line, and spend their off-line time looking forward to their next on-line session. They might even rush to their PCs the minute they have the house to themselves, relieved that others are not there to passjudgement.What, though, can those who recognise they have a problem actually do about it? The first thing is not to panic. One expert points out that many people spend an enormous amount of time reading, say, or talking on the telephone, sometimes to the detriment of family relationships. Yet nobody talks about "book addiction", or "phone addiction" as if they were in some way akin to chronic alcoholism or heavy smoking! If they are cutting themselves off, so this theory goes, it is because of a weak relationship. Going on-line is merely one way, like turning on the TV or going out for a drink, of avoiding conversation with those at home. The problem is the relationship, not thecomputer.Where an addiction genuinely does exist, the advice is to seek professional help similar to that for sufferers of other compulsive disorders. This consists of gradually reducing the time spent on line, as well as dealing with any personal difficulties that may underlie the condition. Other experts advise the addict to talk to support groups specifically formed to help people with the problem of Internet overuse. Ironically, these groups can currently only be contacted via the Internet.7. What is the author's aim in writing this text?
to call for more controls on the content of Internet pages
to describe Internet addiction and suggest remedies
to discourage people from using the Internet
to dismiss claims that the Internet is addictive
I.READINGHEALTHY LIVING FOR TEENAGERSFoodIn a recent government survey on healthy eating teens scored only 5 out of 10 (8 indicated a healthy diet and 6 a "passable" one). Only 1 in 10 teens eats the recommended amount of fruit and the only vegetable that many teens eat is "chips". Most teens in the developed world are eating too much but are still not getting the vital nutrients to help them grow and stay healthy. More information about nutrition and healthy eating is needed to help young people eat properly. Teens who diet often cut out food they need, such as bread or milk, because they think it is fattening.Others don't know what foods to choose in the school canteen in order to have a balanced diet. There is a saying "you are what you eat". So if you want to become the next David Beckham then you'd better start eating properly.ExerciseLack of money in schools plus increased pressure to do well in the course exams means that teenagers are doing less sport in school than ever before. Girls, in particular, are more likely to suffer from lack of exercise and up to 4 in 10 girls stopplaying sports in their early teenage years. Just because you aren't sporty doesn't mean you can't be active. Walk or cycle to school instead of taking the bus. Help at home with the housework or gardening. Go dancing with your friends. There are lots of ways you can stop being a couch potato!SleepIf "we are what we eat" then sleep is like food for the brain. Teens need at least 9 hours' sleep every night and even mild sleepiness can affect your performance, humour and health. Lack of sleep can make you tired, angry or depressed. Nearly 40% of secondary school students go to bed after 11 p.m. on school nights and 15% of teens say they have fallen asleep during class. In the USA some schools are starting classes at 10 a.m. so that teens can get some extra sleep. These schools have noticed an improvement in their students' work.1. The text suggests that teenagers….
are healthier than their parents were.
do more sports in schools than before.
don't have enough information about healthy eating and lifestyle.
sleep more than is needed.
I.READINGHEALTHY LIVING FOR TEENAGERSFoodIn a recent government survey on healthy eating teens scored only 5 out of 10 (8 indicated a healthy diet and 6 a "passable" one). Only 1 in 10 teens eats the recommended amount of fruit and the only vegetable that many teens eat is "chips". Most teens in the developed world are eating too much but are still not getting the vital nutrients to help them grow and stay healthy. More information about nutrition and healthy eating is needed to help young people eat properly. Teens who diet often cut out food they need, such as bread or milk, because they think it is fattening.Others don't know what foods to choose in the school canteen in order to have a balanced diet. There is a saying "you are what you eat". So if you want to become the next David Beckham then you'd better start eating properly.ExerciseLack of money in schools plus increased pressure to do well in the course exams means that teenagers are doing less sport in school than ever before. Girls, in particular, are more likely to suffer from lack of exercise and up to 4 in 10 girls stopplaying sports in their early teenage years. Just because you aren't sporty doesn't mean you can't be active. Walk or cycle to school instead of taking the bus. Help at home with the housework or gardening. Go dancing with your friends. There are lots of ways you can stop being a couch potato!SleepIf "we are what we eat" then sleep is like food for the brain. Teens need at least 9 hours' sleep every night and even mild sleepiness can affect your performance, humour and health. Lack of sleep can make you tired, angry or depressed. Nearly 40% of secondary school students go to bed after 11 p.m. on school nights and 15% of teens say they have fallen asleep during class. In the USA some schools are starting classes at 10 a.m. so that teens can get some extra sleep. These schools have noticed an improvement in their students' work.2. According to the text, teens who go on a diet cut down on….
bread and milk.
chips.
meat.
vegetables.
I.READINGHEALTHY LIVING FOR TEENAGERSFoodIn a recent government survey on healthy eating teens scored only 5 out of 10 (8 indicated a healthy diet and 6 a "passable" one). Only 1 in 10 teens eats the recommended amount of fruit and the only vegetable that many teens eat is "chips". Most teens in the developed world are eating too much but are still not getting the vital nutrients to help them grow and stay healthy. More information about nutrition and healthy eating is needed to help young people eat properly. Teens who diet often cut out food they need, such as bread or milk, because they think it is fattening.Others don't know what foods to choose in the school canteen in order to have a balanced diet. There is a saying "you are what you eat". So if you want to become the next David Beckham then you'd better start eating properly.ExerciseLack of money in schools plus increased pressure to do well in the course exams means that teenagers are doing less sport in school than ever before. Girls, in particular, are more likely to suffer from lack of exercise and up to 4 in 10 girls stopplaying sports in their early teenage years. Just because you aren't sporty doesn't mean you can't be active. Walk or cycle to school instead of taking the bus. Help at home with the housework or gardening. Go dancing with your friends. There are lots of ways you can stop being a couch potato!SleepIf "we are what we eat" then sleep is like food for the brain. Teens need at least 9 hours' sleep every night and even mild sleepiness can affect your performance, humour and health. Lack of sleep can make you tired, angry or depressed. Nearly 40% of secondary school students go to bed after 11 p.m. on school nights and 15% of teens say they have fallen asleep during class. In the USA some schools are starting classes at 10 a.m. so that teens can get some extra sleep. These schools have noticed an improvement in their students' work.3. Most teens in the developed world…..
eat a lot of vegetables and healthy food.
eat less and grow and stay healthy.
eat properly and stay healthy.
eat too much but are not eating healthy food.
I.READINGHEALTHY LIVING FOR TEENAGERSFoodIn a recent government survey on healthy eating teens scored only 5 out of 10 (8 indicated a healthy diet and 6 a "passable" one). Only 1 in 10 teens eats the recommended amount of fruit and the only vegetable that many teens eat is "chips". Most teens in the developed world are eating too much but are still not getting the vital nutrients to help them grow and stay healthy. More information about nutrition and healthy eating is needed to help young people eat properly. Teens who diet often cut out food they need, such as bread or milk, because they think it is fattening.Others don't know what foods to choose in the school canteen in order to have a balanced diet. There is a saying "you are what you eat". So if you want to become the next David Beckham then you'd better start eating properly.ExerciseLack of money in schools plus increased pressure to do well in the course exams means that teenagers are doing less sport in school than ever before. Girls, in particular, are more likely to suffer from lack of exercise and up to 4 in 10 girls stopplaying sports in their early teenage years. Just because you aren't sporty doesn't mean you can't be active. Walk or cycle to school instead of taking the bus. Help at home with the housework or gardening. Go dancing with your friends. There are lots of ways you can stop being a couch potato!SleepIf "we are what we eat" then sleep is like food for the brain. Teens need at least 9 hours' sleep every night and even mild sleepiness can affect your performance, humour and health. Lack of sleep can make you tired, angry or depressed. Nearly 40% of secondary school students go to bed after 11 p.m. on school nights and 15% of teens say they have fallen asleep during class. In the USA some schools are starting classes at 10 a.m. so that teens can get some extra sleep. These schools have noticed an improvement in their students' work.4. Schools put pressure on students to....
do well in course exams.
do well in sports.
improve their physical condition.
take a bus instead of walking or cycling to school.
I.READINGHEALTHY LIVING FOR TEENAGERSFoodIn a recent government survey on healthy eating teens scored only 5 out of 10 (8 indicated a healthy diet and 6 a "passable" one). Only 1 in 10 teens eats the recommended amount of fruit and the only vegetable that many teens eat is "chips". Most teens in the developed world are eating too much but are still not getting the vital nutrients to help them grow and stay healthy. More information about nutrition and healthy eating is needed to help young people eat properly. Teens who diet often cut out food they need, such as bread or milk, because they think it is fattening.Others don't know what foods to choose in the school canteen in order to have a balanced diet. There is a saying "you are what you eat". So if you want to become the next David Beckham then you'd better start eating properly.ExerciseLack of money in schools plus increased pressure to do well in the course exams means that teenagers are doing less sport in school than ever before. Girls, in particular, are more likely to suffer from lack of exercise and up to 4 in 10 girls stopplaying sports in their early teenage years. Just because you aren't sporty doesn't mean you can't be active. Walk or cycle to school instead of taking the bus. Help at home with the housework or gardening. Go dancing with your friends. There are lots of ways you can stop being a couch potato!SleepIf "we are what we eat" then sleep is like food for the brain. Teens need at least 9 hours' sleep every night and even mild sleepiness can affect your performance, humour and health. Lack of sleep can make you tired, angry or depressed. Nearly 40% of secondary school students go to bed after 11 p.m. on school nights and 15% of teens say they have fallen asleep during class. In the USA some schools are starting classes at 10 a.m. so that teens can get some extra sleep. These schools have noticed an improvement in their students' work.5. According to the text, many secondary school students on school nights....
feel angry or depressed.
go to bed after 11 p.m.
play computer games.
sleep at least 9 hours.
I.READINGHEALTHY LIVING FOR TEENAGERSFoodIn a recent government survey on healthy eating teens scored only 5 out of 10 (8 indicated a healthy diet and 6 a "passable" one). Only 1 in 10 teens eats the recommended amount of fruit and the only vegetable that many teens eat is "chips". Most teens in the developed world are eating too much but are still not getting the vital nutrients to help them grow and stay healthy. More information about nutrition and healthy eating is needed to help young people eat properly. Teens who diet often cut out food they need, such as bread or milk, because they think it is fattening.Others don't know what foods to choose in the school canteen in order to have a balanced diet. There is a saying "you are what you eat". So if you want to become the next David Beckham then you'd better start eating properly.ExerciseLack of money in schools plus increased pressure to do well in the course exams means that teenagers are doing less sport in school than ever before. Girls, in particular, are more likely to suffer from lack of exercise and up to 4 in 10 girls stopplaying sports in their early teenage years. Just because you aren't sporty doesn't mean you can't be active. Walk or cycle to school instead of taking the bus. Help at home with the housework or gardening. Go dancing with your friends. There are lots of ways you can stop being a couch potato!SleepIf "we are what we eat" then sleep is like food for the brain. Teens need at least 9 hours' sleep every night and even mild sleepiness can affect your performance, humour and health. Lack of sleep can make you tired, angry or depressed. Nearly 40% of secondary school students go to bed after 11 p.m. on school nights and 15% of teens say they have fallen asleep during class. In the USA some schools are starting classes at 10 a.m. so that teens can get some extra sleep. These schools have noticed an improvement in their students' work.6. According to the text, some schools in the USA have changed the starting time of lessons because....
parents insisted on changing the time.
teachers complained about how unmotivated the students were.
they wanted to improve students' performance.
they wanted to please their students.
I.READINGHerman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from hisMassachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman.With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.1: The main subject of the passage is_______.
check_box the popularity of Melville's novels
Melville's personal background
Melville's travels
Moby Dick
I.READINGHerman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from hisMassachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman.With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.10. The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on ________
check_box nineteenth-century novels
American history
modem American literature
oceanography
I.READINGHerman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from hisMassachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman.With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.2. According to the passage, Melville's early novels were_______.
check_box based on his travel experience
all about his work on whaling ships
completely fictional
published while he was traveling
I.READINGHerman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from hisMassachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman.With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.3. In what year did Melville's book about his experiences as a cabin boy appear?
check_box 1849
1837
1841
1847
I.READINGHerman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from hisMassachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman.With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.4. The word "basis" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.
check_box background
bottom
dissertation
message
I.READINGHerman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from hisMassachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman.With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.5. The passage implies that Melville stayed in Tahiti because________.
check_box he had unofficially left his ship
he had finished his term of duty
he had received permission to take a vacation in Tahiti
he was on leave while his ship was in port
I.READINGHerman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from hisMassachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman.With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.6. A "frigate" in paragraph 1 is probably_______.
check_box a ship
a fishing boat
a troop
an office
I.READINGHerman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from hisMassachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman.With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.7. How did the publication of Moby Dick affect Melville's popularity?
check_box It caused his popularity to decrease.
His popularity increased immediately.
His popularity remained as strong as ever.
It had no effect on his popularity.
I.READINGHerman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from hisMassachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman.With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.8. According to the passage, Moby Dick is_______.
check_box symbolic of humanity fighting the universe
a romantic adventure
a short story about a whale
a single-faceted work
I.READINGHerman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from hisMassachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman.With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.9. The word "metamorphosis" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_______
check_box change
circle
descent
mysticism
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.14. What do you predict would be the main theme of the next paragraph in the passage?
check_box How snap judgments can sometimes be dangerous with some examples
A brief history of snap judgments and famous people who made them
First impressions of people after only a very short time looking at photographs
More information about Malcolm Gladwell and his other books
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.1. According to the article, what new research have psychologists been conducting?
they have been determining how long it takes for people to evaluate each other when they meet for the first time
they have been determining why people appear to be more attracted to a certain type of person
they have been trying to decide why people are so interested in making a good first impression
they have been working out which is the best way to make a good first impression with every new encounter
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.10. The word 'extremely' in paragraph 4 could be replaced with:
attractively
enormously
exceptionally
hurriedly
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.11. The word 'them' in paragraph 4 refers to:
decisions
experts
judgments
studies
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.12. What is the main idea of the passage?
First impressions are very important so we should be careful about our own appearances
Malcolm Gladwell, the famous American author who can make very accurate snap judgments
People often make important decisions about many things in a very short amount of time
People shouldn't make snap judgments about other people whom they have just met
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.13. It can be inferred from the article that:
check_box researchers believe that people shouldn't make snap judgments because they can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices
researchers believe that people should have their eyes tested to prevent themselves from making irrational decisions
researchers in America are at the forefront of research into how people to evaluate each other when they first meet
researchers should always use a control group to prevent surprising results from occurring
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.2. The phrase 'a judgment' in paragraph 2 could be replaced with:
a recommendation
an accusation
an announcement
an assessment
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.3. According to the article, how much time was the control group given to analyze the photographs?
there were no time limitations
they were given a specific length of time
they were limited to 100 milliseconds
they were limited to 500 milliseconds
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.4. The word 'rate' in paragraph 3 could be replaced with:
assess
charge
criticize
merit
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.5. The word 'trustworthiness' in paragraph 3 could be replaced with:
dependability
devotedness
inconsistency
probability
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.6. The word 'subjects' in paragraph 3 could be replaced with:
materials
participants
themes
topics
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.7. According to the article, which two groups had comparable results?
the group which was given 1/10th of a second and the group which was given 1/2 a second
the group which was given 1000 milliseconds and the control group
the group which was given the shortest length of time and the group given no time limitation
the two groups which were given the shortest lengths of time
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.8. The word 'this' in paragraph 3 refers to:
the group
the photo
the rate
the result
I.READINGHow long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met? Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’ faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500 milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a long time ago.Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge. However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible mistakes or prejudices.9. According to the article, why does the experiment show that first impressions are made very quickly?
because the control group and the group who saw the photographs for a full second did not have similar impressions
because the people in the photographs were rated in terms of their attractiveness, trustworthiness, competence and likeability
because the subjects in all of the groups had the same impression of every person in the photographs
because the subjects in the control group and the subjects who saw the photographs for the shortest amount of time had similar impressions
I.READINGIn today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Ten- month-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.1. Why do parents want their children to learn how to use a computer from an early age?
Because they are afraid their children will become competitive.
Because they believe their children will have difficulty learning to use one if they don't start early.
Because they want their children to be well prepared for their future.
Because this is what all the other parents seem to do.
I.READINGIn today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Ten- month-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.2. Children who spend a lot of time on their computers…..
do not necessarily make more progress than those who don't.
tend to have more accidents than those who don't.
tend to like music and art more than those who don't.
will suffer from brain damage.
I.READINGIn today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Ten- month-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.3. The author implies that children learn better….
after they have developed hand-eye coordination.
as they get older.
when they hold and feel things around them.
when they use a computer.
I.READINGIn today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Ten- month-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.4. What would be an appropriate title for this passage?
Computers in schools
Let kids be kids
More computers mean brighter future
Never too early to start
I.READINGIn today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Ten- month-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.5. What is true according to the passage?
Computers seriously harm children'seye sight.
It is better for children to take computer lessons than art lessons.
Parents should not put off buying a computer for their children.
There is no evidence that children who use computers are more clever than those who do not.
I.READINGIn today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Ten- month-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.6. What does the word "ludicrous" in the third paragraph (first sentence) mean?
humorous
ironic
ridiculous
sensible
I.READINGThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People from different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the characteristic foods they consume.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of the detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.1. How has science done a disservice to people?
check_box As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food
Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually
It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food
The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables
I.READINGThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People from different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the characteristic foods they consume.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of the detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.10. In line 2, the word “fit” is closest in meaning to?
check_box Suitable
Adaptable
Athletic
Tasty
I.READINGThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People from different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the characteristic foods they consume.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of the detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.2. The word “prone” in line 5 is nearest in meaning to
check_box Predisposed
Healthy
Supine
Unlikely
I.READINGThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People from different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the characteristic foods they consume.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of the detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.3. What are nitrates used for?
check_box They preserve the color of meats
The preserve flavor in package foods
They are objects of research
They cause the animals to become fatter
I.READINGThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People from different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the characteristic foods they consume.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of the detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.4. FDA means
check_box Food and Drugs Administrations
Federal Dairy Additives
Final Difficult Analysis
Food Direct additives
I.READINGThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People from different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the characteristic foods they consume.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of the detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.5. The word “these” in line 9 refers to
check_box Nitrates and nitrites
Colors
Meats
Researchers
I.READINGThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People from different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the characteristic foods they consume.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of the detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.6. The word “carcinogenic” in line 9 is closest in meaning to
check_box Cancer-causing
Color-retaining
Money-making
Trouble-making
I.READINGThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People from different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the characteristic foods they consume.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of the detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.7. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT
check_box Drugs are always given to animals for medical
Food may cause forty percent of the cancer in the world
Researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for more than forty five years
Some additives in our food are added to the food itself and some arge given to the living animals
I.READINGThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People from different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the characteristic foods they consume.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of the detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.8. The word “additives” in line 12 is closest in meaning to
check_box Added substances
Benign substances
Dangerous substances
Natural substances
I.READINGThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People from different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the characteristic foods they consume.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of the detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.9. What is the best title for this passage?
check_box The Food You Eat Can Affect Your Health
Avoiding Injurious Substances in Food
Harmful and Harmless Substances in Food
Improving Health through a Natural Diet
I.READINGThe goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikipedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge.Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for “fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.1: Wikipedia is a(n) ___________ .
check_box journal
article
book
dictionary
I.READINGThe goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikipedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge.Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for “fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.10: Wiki software enables _______.
check_box editing
a purchase of information
exchanging articles
limited access
I.READINGThe goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikipedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge.Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for “fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.2: Wikipedia is written by___________.
check_box normal people
millionaires
paid written
world experts
I.READINGThe goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikipedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge.Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for “fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.3: The phrase “these writers” in the first paragraph refers to _______.
check_box ordinary people
encyclopedia experts
every subject
ordinary readers
I.READINGThe goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikipedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge.Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for “fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.4: The phrase “the word” in the second paragraph refers to ________.
check_box encyclopedia
collection
knowledge
writing
I.READINGThe goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikipedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge.Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for “fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.5: Microsoft’s Encarta is cited in the passage as an example of _______.
check_box online encyclopedia
CD-ROM dictionary
printed encyclopedia
updateable online encyclopedia
I.READINGThe goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikipedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge.Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for “fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.6: The word “brainchild” in the second paragraph of the passage can be best replaced by________.
check_box product
born
child
father
I.READINGThe goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikipedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge.Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for “fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.7: The word “approach” in the third paragraph of the passage means________.
check_box method
idea
time
writing
I.READINGThe goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikipedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge.Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for “fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.8: The user of Wikipedia can do all of the following EXCEPT__________.
check_box determinate the website
edit information
have access to information
modify information
I.READINGThe goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikipedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge.Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for “fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.9: We can say that Jimmy Wales _______.
check_box is the father of Wikipedia
became very famous after the formation of Wikipedia
decides who can use Wikipedia
made a great profit from Wikipedia
I.READINGWe all need to eat to keep fit and healthy. Young children cannot grow tall and strong unless they eat a well-balanced diet. This means a selection of foods that provide protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and mineral elements.Some foods can be digested raw but other foods are heated and cooked to make digestion faster. Salad leaves, cucumber, tomatoes, vegetables such as carrots, and fruit do not need cooking. However apples are an example of fruit that can be eaten raw and also cooked. Stewed apples, apples baked in the oven and apples in pies and topped with crumble are ways of eating the fruit. When food is cooked, it is heated.Before people had electricity and gas, they cooked on wood and charcoal fires. A fairly recent addition to cooking is the microwave. This speeds up the cooking time. Fan ovens are also more efficient. Barbecue cooking outside in the garden on a warm day in summer, is very popular. In the kitchen, utensils are used to contain the food, and they vary from open pans to pans with lids, frying pans, steamers, pressure cookers and woks.Before supermarkets sold ready cooked meals that just require re-heating, it was the tradition that men left the women in the home to prepare and cook food. Now both men and women share the tasks in well-designed kitchens. In restaurants, the chef, a few years ago, was nearly always male. Today however, there are as many female chefs as men.There has been a great revival in the way food is cooked, mainly in part due to seeing a lot of cooking programmes on television. These are often presented as competitions like Master Chef and the Great British bake-off. Also people travel more to foreign countries and return home with exotic and interesting recipes. The availability of ingredients in the supermarkets also encourages experimentation.The kitchen is now the 'hub' of the house. The family, friends and visitors when waiting for a meal to be prepared all gather in the kitchen and help to prepare the dishes or watch others doing the cooking. The utensils available to aid the food preparation are plentiful. Different types of knives for example. Aprons and oven gloves help to protect us from spills and heat when taking hot dishes from the oven. Some people love cooking, planning the meal, assembling the ingredients and then preparing the food. Others however prefer to open a tin of food and hot up the contents.1) Why do we need to eat a well-balanced diet?
To help us balance on wet surfaces.
To keeps us fit and healthy and helps children grow.
We can live well without a balanced diet.
We need a balanced diet to help us live to be 100.
I.READINGWe all need to eat to keep fit and healthy. Young children cannot grow tall and strong unless they eat a well-balanced diet. This means a selection of foods that provide protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and mineral elements.Some foods can be digested raw but other foods are heated and cooked to make digestion faster. Salad leaves, cucumber, tomatoes, vegetables such as carrots, and fruit do not need cooking. However apples are an example of fruit that can be eaten raw and also cooked. Stewed apples, apples baked in the oven and apples in pies and topped with crumble are ways of eating the fruit. When food is cooked, it is heated.Before people had electricity and gas, they cooked on wood and charcoal fires. A fairly recent addition to cooking is the microwave. This speeds up the cooking time. Fan ovens are also more efficient. Barbecue cooking outside in the garden on a warm day in summer, is very popular. In the kitchen, utensils are used to contain the food, and they vary from open pans to pans with lids, frying pans, steamers, pressure cookers and woks.Before supermarkets sold ready cooked meals that just require re-heating, it was the tradition that men left the women in the home to prepare and cook food. Now both men and women share the tasks in well-designed kitchens. In restaurants, the chef, a few years ago, was nearly always male. Today however, there are as many female chefs as men.There has been a great revival in the way food is cooked, mainly in part due to seeing a lot of cooking programmes on television. These are often presented as competitions like Master Chef and the Great British bake-off. Also people travel more to foreign countries and return home with exotic and interesting recipes. The availability of ingredients in the supermarkets also encourages experimentation.The kitchen is now the 'hub' of the house. The family, friends and visitors when waiting for a meal to be prepared all gather in the kitchen and help to prepare the dishes or watch others doing the cooking. The utensils available to aid the food preparation are plentiful. Different types of knives for example. Aprons and oven gloves help to protect us from spills and heat when taking hot dishes from the oven. Some people love cooking, planning the meal, assembling the ingredients and then preparing the food. Others however prefer to open a tin of food and hot up the contents.2) Which food mentioned in the passage can be eaten raw?
Apples
Brazil nuts
Dates
Oranges
I.READINGWe all need to eat to keep fit and healthy. Young children cannot grow tall and strong unless they eat a well-balanced diet. This means a selection of foods that provide protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and mineral elements.Some foods can be digested raw but other foods are heated and cooked to make digestion faster. Salad leaves, cucumber, tomatoes, vegetables such as carrots, and fruit do not need cooking. However apples are an example of fruit that can be eaten raw and also cooked. Stewed apples, apples baked in the oven and apples in pies and topped with crumble are ways of eating the fruit. When food is cooked, it is heated.Before people had electricity and gas, they cooked on wood and charcoal fires. A fairly recent addition to cooking is the microwave. This speeds up the cooking time. Fan ovens are also more efficient. Barbecue cooking outside in the garden on a warm day in summer, is very popular. In the kitchen, utensils are used to contain the food, and they vary from open pans to pans with lids, frying pans, steamers, pressure cookers and woks.Before supermarkets sold ready cooked meals that just require re-heating, it was the tradition that men left the women in the home to prepare and cook food. Now both men and women share the tasks in well-designed kitchens. In restaurants, the chef, a few years ago, was nearly always male. Today however, there are as many female chefs as men.There has been a great revival in the way food is cooked, mainly in part due to seeing a lot of cooking programmes on television. These are often presented as competitions like Master Chef and the Great British bake-off. Also people travel more to foreign countries and return home with exotic and interesting recipes. The availability of ingredients in the supermarkets also encourages experimentation.The kitchen is now the 'hub' of the house. The family, friends and visitors when waiting for a meal to be prepared all gather in the kitchen and help to prepare the dishes or watch others doing the cooking. The utensils available to aid the food preparation are plentiful. Different types of knives for example. Aprons and oven gloves help to protect us from spills and heat when taking hot dishes from the oven. Some people love cooking, planning the meal, assembling the ingredients and then preparing the food. Others however prefer to open a tin of food and hot up the contents.3) Where do people most often cook using a barbecue?
In the garage.
In the garden
In the kitchen.
Inside the house.
I.READINGWe all need to eat to keep fit and healthy. Young children cannot grow tall and strong unless they eat a well-balanced diet. This means a selection of foods that provide protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and mineral elements.Some foods can be digested raw but other foods are heated and cooked to make digestion faster. Salad leaves, cucumber, tomatoes, vegetables such as carrots, and fruit do not need cooking. However apples are an example of fruit that can be eaten raw and also cooked. Stewed apples, apples baked in the oven and apples in pies and topped with crumble are ways of eating the fruit. When food is cooked, it is heated.Before people had electricity and gas, they cooked on wood and charcoal fires. A fairly recent addition to cooking is the microwave. This speeds up the cooking time. Fan ovens are also more efficient. Barbecue cooking outside in the garden on a warm day in summer, is very popular. In the kitchen, utensils are used to contain the food, and they vary from open pans to pans with lids, frying pans, steamers, pressure cookers and woks.Before supermarkets sold ready cooked meals that just require re-heating, it was the tradition that men left the women in the home to prepare and cook food. Now both men and women share the tasks in well-designed kitchens. In restaurants, the chef, a few years ago, was nearly always male. Today however, there are as many female chefs as men.There has been a great revival in the way food is cooked, mainly in part due to seeing a lot of cooking programmes on television. These are often presented as competitions like Master Chef and the Great British bake-off. Also people travel more to foreign countries and return home with exotic and interesting recipes. The availability of ingredients in the supermarkets also encourages experimentation.The kitchen is now the 'hub' of the house. The family, friends and visitors when waiting for a meal to be prepared all gather in the kitchen and help to prepare the dishes or watch others doing the cooking. The utensils available to aid the food preparation are plentiful. Different types of knives for example. Aprons and oven gloves help to protect us from spills and heat when taking hot dishes from the oven. Some people love cooking, planning the meal, assembling the ingredients and then preparing the food. Others however prefer to open a tin of food and hot up the contents.4) Where can you buy ready prepared meals for heating up at home?
At airports.
In supermarkets.
On the beach.
Only in London.
I.READINGWe all need to eat to keep fit and healthy. Young children cannot grow tall and strong unless they eat a well-balanced diet. This means a selection of foods that provide protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and mineral elements.Some foods can be digested raw but other foods are heated and cooked to make digestion faster. Salad leaves, cucumber, tomatoes, vegetables such as carrots, and fruit do not need cooking. However apples are an example of fruit that can be eaten raw and also cooked. Stewed apples, apples baked in the oven and apples in pies and topped with crumble are ways of eating the fruit. When food is cooked, it is heated.Before people had electricity and gas, they cooked on wood and charcoal fires. A fairly recent addition to cooking is the microwave. This speeds up the cooking time. Fan ovens are also more efficient. Barbecue cooking outside in the garden on a warm day in summer, is very popular. In the kitchen, utensils are used to contain the food, and they vary from open pans to pans with lids, frying pans, steamers, pressure cookers and woks.Before supermarkets sold ready cooked meals that just require re-heating, it was the tradition that men left the women in the home to prepare and cook food. Now both men and women share the tasks in well-designed kitchens. In restaurants, the chef, a few years ago, was nearly always male. Today however, there are as many female chefs as men.There has been a great revival in the way food is cooked, mainly in part due to seeing a lot of cooking programmes on television. These are often presented as competitions like Master Chef and the Great British bake-off. Also people travel more to foreign countries and return home with exotic and interesting recipes. The availability of ingredients in the supermarkets also encourages experimentation.The kitchen is now the 'hub' of the house. The family, friends and visitors when waiting for a meal to be prepared all gather in the kitchen and help to prepare the dishes or watch others doing the cooking. The utensils available to aid the food preparation are plentiful. Different types of knives for example. Aprons and oven gloves help to protect us from spills and heat when taking hot dishes from the oven. Some people love cooking, planning the meal, assembling the ingredients and then preparing the food. Others however prefer to open a tin of food and hot up the contents.5) What is the main reason for using a microwave?
To make food much smaller.
To melt ice cream.
To shorten cooking time.
To teach young children how to cook.
I.READINGWhat are the keys to career success? Our background? Our education? Maybe. But they only affect our careers; they by no means guarantee success. If there is any guarantee of success, and that is questionable, it is through one's own intrinsic qualities, one's own hard work 5 and a constant re-assessment of one's goals.A recent study in the US showed that something between 10 and 20% of the Harvard College Class of 1958 have lost their jobs in the past ten years. So, not only the best education but also the best 10 possible social background cannot guarantee career success.If these people, mainly men, had not believed their background was an insurance to success in life, and if they had searched for ways to make new and better-quality contributions to their work, they 15 wouldn't now be out of work. Anyone can succeed, and anyone can fail, and in terms of one's career this is very important to recognize. As long as one has goals and one takes action to achieve these goals, then one can be said to be following a successful career strategy.1. Which of the following would be a suitable title for the passage?
Background and Education
Career Success
Our Intrinsic Qualities
The Guarantee of Success
I.READINGWhat are the keys to career success? Our background? Our education? Maybe. But they only affect our careers; they by no means guarantee success. If there is any guarantee of success, and that is questionable, it is through one's own intrinsic qualities, one's own hard work 5 and a constant re-assessment of one's goals.A recent study in the US showed that something between 10 and 20% of the Harvard College Class of 1958 have lost their jobs in the past ten years. So, not only the best education but also the best 10 possible social background cannot guarantee career success.If these people, mainly men, had not believed their background was an insurance to success in life, and if they had searched for ways to make new and better-quality contributions to their work, they 15 wouldn't now be out of work. Anyone can succeed, and anyone can fail, and in terms of one's career this is very important to recognize. As long as one has goals and one takes action to achieve these goals, then one can be said to be following a successful career strategy.2. As used in line 4 the word "intrinsic" means
basic.
financial.
hard-working.
physical.
I.READINGWhat are the keys to career success? Our background? Our education? Maybe. But they only affect our careers; they by no means guarantee success. If there is any guarantee of success, and that is questionable, it is through one's own intrinsic qualities, one's own hard work 5 and a constant re-assessment of one's goals.A recent study in the US showed that something between 10 and 20% of the Harvard College Class of 1958 have lost their jobs in the past ten years. So, not only the best education but also the best 10 possible social background cannot guarantee career success.If these people, mainly men, had not believed their background was an insurance to success in life, and if they had searched for ways to make new and better-quality contributions to their work, they 15 wouldn't now be out of work. Anyone can succeed, and anyone can fail, and in terms of one's career this is very important to recognize. As long as one has goals and one takes action to achieve these goals, then one can be said to be following a successful career strategy.3. What does the author imply the reason is why the Harvard graduates lost their jobs?
Bad luck.
Failure to improve their own abilities.
Failure to work hard.
Their lack of insurance.
I.READINGWhat are the keys to career success? Our background? Our education? Maybe. But they only affect our careers; they by no means guarantee success. If there is any guarantee of success, and that is questionable, it is through one's own intrinsic qualities, one's own hard work 5 and a constant re-assessment of one's goals.A recent study in the US showed that something between 10 and 20% of the Harvard College Class of 1958 have lost their jobs in the past ten years. So, not only the best education but also the best 10 possible social background cannot guarantee career success.If these people, mainly men, had not believed their background was an insurance to success in life, and if they had searched for ways to make new and better-quality contributions to their work, they 15 wouldn't now be out of work. Anyone can succeed, and anyone can fail, and in terms of one's career this is very important to recognize. As long as one has goals and one takes action to achieve these goals, then one can be said to be following a successful career strategy.4. What is the way to a successful career strategy?
Good background.
Good education.
Hard work.
Having goals.
I.READINGWhat are the keys to career success? Our background? Our education? Maybe. But they only affect our careers; they by no means guarantee success. If there is any guarantee of success, and that is questionable, it is through one's own intrinsic qualities, one's own hard work 5 and a constant re-assessment of one's goals.A recent study in the US showed that something between 10 and 20% of the Harvard College Class of 1958 have lost their jobs in the past ten years. So, not only the best education but also the best 10 possible social background cannot guarantee career success.If these people, mainly men, had not believed their background was an insurance to success in life, and if they had searched for ways to make new and better-quality contributions to their work, they 15 wouldn't now be out of work. Anyone can succeed, and anyone can fail, and in terms of one's career this is very important to recognize. As long as one has goals and one takes action to achieve these goals, then one can be said to be following a successful career strategy.5. What is the author's attitude to having a good education?
It cannot guarantee career success.
It is a good insurance to life and work.
It is better than changing one's goals.
It is better than having a good background.
I.READINGWikipedia is an encyclopedia that is available on the Internet and what people love about it is that it can be edited by absolutely everybody.When and how did it start?It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimmy Wales. It started as a fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many computer scientists it has attracted. It has got a collection of about 1.8 mln articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true that anyone can change the information on the page if they think it's incorrect. But, the Wikipedia has a team of over 13,000 people who are experts in different fields and who correct any inaccurate information sent by people.Is it error-free?One may say so. Recently, for example, the British journal Nature looked at the scientific information in Wikipedia and confirmed it was very reliable and that they didn't find many errors. It was very good news for the founder as well as for all the users.Why is it becoming so popular?Like the whole idea of the Internet, it's also quick and available to everyone. The greatest thing of all is that it is free. Some people also stress that it's fun to be able to add what you know to the information on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and most claim it's the most brilliant invention ever.1. Wikipedia ……
became popular as soon as it started.
began as a business idea.
started as one man's passion.
was created by a team of computer scientists.
I.READINGWikipedia is an encyclopedia that is available on the Internet and what people love about it is that it can be edited by absolutely everybody.When and how did it start?It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimmy Wales. It started as a fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many computer scientists it has attracted. It has got a collection of about 1.8 mln articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true that anyone can change the information on the page if they think it's incorrect. But, the Wikipedia has a team of over 13,000 people who are experts in different fields and who correct any inaccurate information sent by people.Is it error-free?One may say so. Recently, for example, the British journal Nature looked at the scientific information in Wikipedia and confirmed it was very reliable and that they didn't find many errors. It was very good news for the founder as well as for all the users.Why is it becoming so popular?Like the whole idea of the Internet, it's also quick and available to everyone. The greatest thing of all is that it is free. Some people also stress that it's fun to be able to add what you know to the information on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and most claim it's the most brilliant invention ever.2. Articles in Wikipedia are……
mostly about science.
mostly in English.
translated into 200 languages.
Very interesting.
I.READINGWikipedia is an encyclopedia that is available on the Internet and what people love about it is that it can be edited by absolutely everybody.When and how did it start?It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimmy Wales. It started as a fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many computer scientists it has attracted. It has got a collection of about 1.8 mln articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true that anyone can change the information on the page if they think it's incorrect. But, the Wikipedia has a team of over 13,000 people who are experts in different fields and who correct any inaccurate information sent by people.Is it error-free?One may say so. Recently, for example, the British journal Nature looked at the scientific information in Wikipedia and confirmed it was very reliable and that they didn't find many errors. It was very good news for the founder as well as for all the users.Why is it becoming so popular?Like the whole idea of the Internet, it's also quick and available to everyone. The greatest thing of all is that it is free. Some people also stress that it's fun to be able to add what you know to the information on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and most claim it's the most brilliant invention ever.3. Wikipedia remains accurate as much as possible because …..
all people who write for it are experts.
it has a special type of software programme.
not everybody can change the information.
there are people who monitor it for mistakes.
I.READINGWikipedia is an encyclopedia that is available on the Internet and what people love about it is that it can be edited by absolutely everybody.When and how did it start?It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimmy Wales. It started as a fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many computer scientists it has attracted. It has got a collection of about 1.8 mln articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true that anyone can change the information on the page if they think it's incorrect. But, the Wikipedia has a team of over 13,000 people who are experts in different fields and who correct any inaccurate information sent by people.Is it error-free?One may say so. Recently, for example, the British journal Nature looked at the scientific information in Wikipedia and confirmed it was very reliable and that they didn't find many errors. It was very good news for the founder as well as for all the users.Why is it becoming so popular?Like the whole idea of the Internet, it's also quick and available to everyone. The greatest thing of all is that it is free. Some people also stress that it's fun to be able to add what you know to the information on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and most claim it's the most brilliant invention ever.4. The best advantage of Wikipedia is that…..
everyone can use it.
is quick and reliable.
it is created by ordinary people.
you don't have to pay for it.
I.READINGWikipedia is an encyclopedia that is available on the Internet and what people love about it is that it can be edited by absolutely everybody.When and how did it start?It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimmy Wales. It started as a fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many computer scientists it has attracted. It has got a collection of about 1.8 mln articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true that anyone can change the information on the page if they think it's incorrect. But, the Wikipedia has a team of over 13,000 people who are experts in different fields and who correct any inaccurate information sent by people.Is it error-free?One may say so. Recently, for example, the British journal Nature looked at the scientific information in Wikipedia and confirmed it was very reliable and that they didn't find many errors. It was very good news for the founder as well as for all the users.Why is it becoming so popular?Like the whole idea of the Internet, it's also quick and available to everyone. The greatest thing of all is that it is free. Some people also stress that it's fun to be able to add what you know to the information on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and most claim it's the most brilliant invention ever.5. The text probably comes from…..
a magazine article
a scientific article
a speech
leaflet
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